Donald Trump宣布大范围全球对等关税

美国总统Donald Trump周四在白宫椭圆形办公室宣布，美国将对进口商品实施广泛的对等关税。

U.S. President Donald Trump announced on Thursday from the Oval Office that the United States will impose extensive reciprocal tariffs on imported goods.

“为了公平起见，我决定征收对等关税。也就是说，无论哪个国家对美国征收多少关税，我们将对他们征收相同的税率，不多也不少。”Trump在签署行政命令时表示。

"For the sake of fairness, I have decided to impose reciprocal tariffs. This means that whatever tariff a country charges the United States, we will charge them the same amount—no more, no less," Trump stated while signing the executive order.

Trump表示，具体税率将根据各国对美国产品征收的关税而有所不同。

Trump explained that the tariff rates will vary depending on the rates imposed by other countries on U.S. goods.

“在几乎所有情况下，他们对我们的征税远高于我们对他们的征税。但这种情况将结束。”他说道。

"In most cases, they charge us significantly more than we charge them. But those days are over," he declared.

白宫官员在与记者的电话会议上表示，这些关税不会立即生效，但可能会在几周内开始实施，美国贸易和经济团队正在研究各国的关税和贸易关系。

A White House official told reporters that while the tariffs would not take effect immediately, they could be implemented within weeks as Trump’s trade and economic team examines tariff structures and trade relationships.

行政命令内容

What does the order say?

行政命令指出，这项新的关税政策“将覆盖广泛范围，审查所有与美国贸易伙伴的非对等贸易关系”。

The executive order stated that the new tariff approach "will have a comprehensive scope, reviewing all non-reciprocal trade relationships with U.S. trading partners."

该命令将“非对等贸易关系”定义得非常广泛，包括对美国产品的关税、对美国企业、工人和消费者的税收及非关税壁垒，以及“导致汇率偏离市场价值的政策和做法”。

The order defines "non-reciprocal trade relationships" broadly, encompassing tariffs on U.S. goods, taxes and non-tariff barriers affecting American businesses, workers, and consumers, as well as "policies and practices that distort exchange rates."

行政命令指出，如果美国贸易代表认为某国“对市场准入施加了不公平限制”，则该国将被视为存在非对等贸易关系。

According to the order, a country will be deemed to have a non-reciprocal trade relationship if the U.S. Trade Representative determines that it imposes "unfair restrictions on market access."

此外，该命令将“非关税壁垒”定义为“任何政府实施的措施、政策或非货币壁垒，限制、阻碍或妨碍国际商品贸易”。

The order further describes "non-tariff barriers" as "any government-imposed measure, policy, or non-monetary restriction that limits, prevents, or obstructs international trade in goods."

经济学家，包括加拿大银行最近的一份报告，警告称，全球贸易冲突将导致全球经济增长放缓。

Economists, including a recent Bank of Canada report, have warned that a global trade conflict could slow worldwide economic growth.

加拿大行业反应

Canadian industry reacts

加拿大商会在声明中表示，Trump的决定是“破坏基于规则的国际贸易秩序的一步，而这种秩序使西方世界，尤其是美国，更加繁荣和高效”。

The Canadian Chamber of Commerce stated that Trump’s move was "a step toward dismantling a rules-based international trade system that has made much of the Western world, particularly the United States, more prosperous and productive."

“破坏长期以来互利互惠的贸易模式，并用适得其反的关税取而代之，对美国和加拿大的经济成功毫无意义。关税本质上是税收，会推高商品和服务的成本。它们不是——正如总统所说的——无尽的财政收入来源。”商会主席兼CEO Candace Laing在声明中表示。

"Disrupting long-standing, mutually beneficial trade relationships with counterproductive tariffs makes no economic sense for either the U.S. or Canada. Tariffs are essentially taxes—they increase the cost of goods and services. They are not, as the President suggests, an endless source of revenue," said Candace Laing, President and CEO of the chamber.

Laing敦促加拿大政府改善国内省际贸易，并确保本国法规能够吸引投资。

Laing called on the Canadian government to improve interprovincial trade and ensure regulations in Canada encourage investment.

什么是对等关税？

What are reciprocal tariffs?

在经历数周的报复性关税争议后，许多人开始关注“对等”关税的含义。

Following weeks of discussion about retaliatory tariffs, many are now questioning what exactly “reciprocal” tariffs entail.

Trump尚未明确界定这一概念的具体含义。

Trump has not provided a precise definition of the term.

目前仍不清楚该命令是否仅适用于匹配关税，还是也包括其他被视为出口障碍的外国税收。

It remains uncertain whether the order applies strictly to matching tariffs or if it extends to foreign taxes Trump perceives as trade barriers.

总体而言，对等关税似乎是指针对他国对美国产品征收的关税，进行价值或原则上的对等反制。

Broadly speaking, reciprocal tariffs appear to be designed to mirror either the value or intent of tariffs imposed by other nations on U.S. goods.

这与加拿大通常所说的报复性关税不同，后者主要用于针对美国对加拿大的新关税进行反制。

This differs from what is commonly referred to as retaliatory tariffs in Canada, which are meant to counter new U.S. tariffs imposed on Canadian goods.

例如，加拿大并未对美国商品普遍征收关税。如果Trump下个月兑现对加拿大商品征收25%关税的威胁，那将不是对等关税，因为加拿大目前没有类似的关税政策。

For instance, Canada does not impose broad tariffs on U.S. goods. If Trump follows through with his threat of a 25% tariff on Canadian products next month, that would not be a reciprocal tariff, as Canada has no matching tariffs in place.

不过，加拿大已经制定了一份报复性关税清单，若美国实施新关税，加拿大政府将立即采取反制措施。Trudeau表示，该关税清单旨在最大程度减少对加拿大的负面影响，同时对美国消费者造成压力。

However, Canada has prepared a list of retaliatory tariffs that will be imposed in direct response if necessary. Trudeau has stated that these tariffs are designed to minimize harm to Canadians while maximizing pressure on American consumers.

关税将如何实施？

How will tariffs be applied?

Trump提名的商务部长Howard Lutnick表示，政府将逐个国家进行评估。他预计研究工作将在4月1日前完成。

Howard Lutnick, Trump’s nominee for Commerce Secretary, said the administration will assess each country individually and aims to complete its studies by April 1.

Trump承认，短期内商品价格可能会上涨，但他坚称“关税是好事”。

Trump acknowledged that prices may rise in the short term but insisted that "tariffs are great."

白宫官员表示，政府将首先解决最“严重”的问题，包括贸易顺差最高、关税率最高的国家。

A White House official said that the administration will prioritize addressing the most “egregious” issues, including countries with the largest trade surpluses and highest tariffs.

目标国家包括中国、日本、韩国和欧盟。Trump政府希望避免“一刀切”模式，而是采取更具针对性的关税措施。

Countries targeted include China, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union. The administration aims to avoid a “one-size-fits-all” approach in favor of more tailored tariffs.