尹锡悦的“戒严奇幻六小时”：总统vs国会

12月3日晚，韩国总统尹锡悦突然甩出一张“王炸”，宣布从晚上11点起实施“紧急戒严”。这戒严的“套餐”相当豪华：禁止国会活动、地方议会开会、政党运行，连示威都别想有。说白了，从尹锡悦发布命令那一刻起，他成了韩国政坛的“唯一玩家”。

On the evening of December 3, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol suddenly dropped a bombshell, declaring an "emergency martial law" effective from 11 PM. The measures? Sweeping—banning parliamentary sessions, local council meetings, party activities, and protests. Essentially, Yoon crowned himself the solo act of South Korean politics.

但总统的“独角戏”并没有太多观众。反对党共同民主党党魁李在明第一时间回击：“这戒严非法无效，从现在起尹锡悦不配当总统！”连执政党国民力量党也看不下去，党代表韩东勋公开表示：“这就是政变！我们要和人民一起阻止这荒唐的行为。”

But Yoon's "one-man show" failed to win over much of an audience. Lee Jae-myung, leader of the opposition Democratic Party, dismissed the decree as "illegal and invalid," declaring Yoon unfit for the presidency. Even members of Yoon's ruling People Power Party weren't having it, with party leader Han Dong-hoon slamming the move as "a coup" and vowing to stand with the people against it.

随即，韩国国会变成了“行动大片”的主场。12月4日凌晨，190名议员突破封锁，“翻墙”进入国会大楼，对解除戒严令进行表决，结果无悬念——一致通过。面对这一“硬核打脸”，尹锡悦不得不在六小时内撤销戒严令。

What followed was straight out of an action movie. In the early hours of December 4, 190 lawmakers broke through barricades and "scaled walls" to enter the National Assembly, where they unanimously voted to annul the martial law decree. Yoon, faced with overwhelming resistance, had no choice but to backtrack within six hours.

这次“戒严闹剧”究竟说明了什么？总统制的硬伤再一次被放大。韩国宪法虽然经过1987年的民主转型，但依然沿袭了1948年宪法的大框架，尤其在总统权力的设计上，“美式模板”痕迹明显。但问题是，总统权力大，冲突也大。这次尹锡悦的“孤注一掷”更像是总统与国会“积怨已久”的一次总爆发。

So what does this "martial law fiasco" reveal? The systemic flaws of a presidential system are once again in the spotlight. While South Korea underwent democratic reforms in 1987, its constitution largely retained the framework of the 1948 version, particularly in adopting a U.S.-inspired model of presidential authority. But with great power comes great conflict, and Yoon's gamble seems like the culmination of long-standing tensions between the executive and legislative branches.

民主制度的巩固，或许需要更安全的议会制来支撑。毕竟，靠着“戏剧性反转”来化解危机并不是长久之计。这次戒严事件，虽然看似匆匆收场，但却为韩国总统制度敲响了警钟：总统府可不是冒险乐园，小心下一个戒严就是总统的“下台令”。

Perhaps the road to consolidating democracy lies in adopting a more stable parliamentary system. Dramatic plot twists aren't exactly a sustainable way to resolve crises. While the martial law incident ended quickly, it serves as a stark warning about the pitfalls of unchecked presidential power: The Blue House isn't a playground for risky moves—one misstep could be the president's last act.